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The 2016 presidential campaign of Rodrigo Duterte, the incumbent Mayor of Davao, was announced on November 21, 2015 during a gathering with his former schoolmates at San Beda College and was launched on November 30, 2015 in Century Park Hotel at Manila. Duterte had repeatedly refused to run for several months and turned down other presidential and vice-presidential aspirants' offer to be his running mate, including Jejomar Binay, Miriam Defensor-Santiago and Bongbong Marcos. Within October 15, 2015, the deadline date for the filing of candidacies set by ComElec, Duterte did not file his certificate of candidacy. However, the PDP-Laban, Duterte's party, which then had failing hopes of staying alive, unexpectedly filed Martin Diño as their standard bearer within the dying minutes of the date (although Diño, who is the party's Secretary-General and a former Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption chair, had been widely speculated as Duterte's possible 'placeholder'). Duterte's supporters continued until November to convince the mayor to run for President as a substitute for Diño, but Duterte, who several times requested for some time for soul-searching and later stated that he was still open to the possibility of running, still repeatedly refused to run. On November 21, 2015, Duterte finally announced that he will run for President in the 2016 election. ==Background== Early in 2015, Duterte made hints to the media of his intent to run for the presidency come 2016, with the promise of abolishing the Philippine Congress altogether in favor of a Parliament should he win. Earlier, in February 2014, Duterte was reportedly enjoying the support of several netizens who were lauding his performance as mayor of Davao, especially in maintaining peace and order in the city, but he was quick to shrug off calls for him to run for President, saying he was not qualified for a higher public office. A year later, Duterte said in a Baguio federalism forum that he'll only run for president "if (it is) to save the republic." Duterte cited the need of about 10 to 15 billion pesos for a campaign war chest as what was keeping him from running. Days later, however, Duterte "re-entered" PDP-Laban; he maintained he never left the party, and only had to stand under a local party banner (''Hugpong'') in the 2013 local election in order to ensure his victory. PDP-Laban president Aquilino Pimentel III later said that Duterte was among his party's options for a presidential candidate for 2016, noting that the party's position on federalism coincides with Duterte's advocacy. A few days after reports came out saying incumbent Vice-President Jejomar Binay (a presidential aspirant) was eyeing Duterte as his possible running mate, Duterte issued a statement saying he was not interested in running for a national post. In September 2014, Duterte already declined presidential aspirant and incumbent senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago's offer to be her running mate, saying that instead of picking him as the senator's running mate, she could ask former defense secretary Gilberto Teodoro, Jr. instead. In March 2015, Lakas–CMD national president Ferdinand Martin Romualdez announced that his party was preparing for the 2016 elections; incumbent congressman Danilo Suarez remarked that they were convincing Teodoro to come out of retirement and run anew for a high office. However, in October 2015, Santiago chose Bongbong Marcos as her running mate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/109349-miriam-santiago-bongbong-marcos-is-my-running-mate )〕 Later, during the June 21, 2015 airing of his weekly program in a local channel (''Gikan Sa Masa, Para Sa Masa''), Duterte stated that he was considering suggestions from his friends and supporters to run for President. He also added that he will stop expressing non-interest in starting a presidential campaign. However, at the ASIA CEO Forum in Makati held on June 25, Duterte again stated that he would not run for the national office and said that he never desired to do so. A month later, however, Duterte, responding to Justice Secretary Leila de Lima's statement that she would not run with Duterte as a matter of principle, said that he would campaign against the Liberal Party if de Lima is drafted, calling her "hypocritical" and her principles as "rotten." On August, while at a meeting with military officers, Duterte spoke with Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) founder Jose Maria Sison. Duterte said that he told Sison that he would run for President if the CPP's armed wing, the New People's Army, abandons its over-40-year insurgency, saying "Armed struggle as a means to achieve change is passe in the modern world we are living in today". Duterte disclosed that Sison was asking him about his plans for 2016 and that he told Sison that he didn't have plans yet. On September 7, 2015, in a press conference held at Davao City, Duterte officially declared he will not be running for President in 2016 and apologized to all of his supporters on the decision. He additionally stated that he might retire from politics after his term as mayor of Davao City ends in 2016 and his daughter runs for the office. Other factors of his possible retirement include age, health concerns and his family's objections.〔(Duterte’s final answer: I won’t run for president - ''Inquirer.net''. )〕 Mixed reactions erupted in social media hours after the declaration and several supporters still continued to petition online, urging the mayor to revert his decision.〔(Duterte’s die-hard fans refuse to lose hope as mayor shows up in events - ''Inquirer.net''. )〕 On September 26, 2015, a large number of supporters gathered at the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park, Manila to urge Duterte to officially run for the presidency in 2016. The gathering was dubbed 'The Million People March' by the media,〔(Duterte supporters all set for 'million people march' - ''ABS-CBN News''. )〕 but its followers preferred to call it 'The People's Call'.〔(Rally for Duterte not a 'million people march' - ''ABS-CBN News''. )〕 Duterte was not present at the event and was in Zamboanga City to assist a kidnapping case involving three foreigners and a Filipina, taken by armed men in a luxury resort in Samal Island Monday night that week.〔(People calling for Duterte presidential run gather in Rizal Park - ''GMA News Online''. )〕 It was then reported that the (hashtag)''#Duterte2016'' topped on Twitter with a 1,966,830 reach and 2,641,635 impressions during the rally.〔(#Duterte2016 tops Twitter, Duterte in Zamboanga during supporters’ rally - ''Davao Today''. )〕 In a statement read by retired Armed Forces chief Hermogenes Esperon to the crowd at Quirino Grandstand, Duterte asked for more time to “do some final soul-searching” as per a text message sent by Duterte himself.〔(Give me time for ‘final soul-searching,’ Duterte asks supporters - ''Inquirer.net''. )〕 Since Duterte claimed that one of the primary reasons he declined for a presidential bid was lack of finances needed to bankroll a campaign, supporter Atty. Vitaliano Aguirre on the other hand reported that a group of businessmen had pledged P1 billion to fund Duterte's bid if ever Duterte accepted the offer. One offer was made by Benigno Gopez, who spoke for a group of anonymous businessmen, after the gathering of Duterte supporters at Quirino Grandstand on September 26.〔(Bizmen pledge P1B to Duterte candidacy - ''ABS-CBN News'' )〕 Despite being an undeclared candidate, Pulse Asia Research Director Ana Tabunda still considered Duterte "a serious contender" as he was already ranked 4th in a presidential survey done by Pulse Asia from late August to early September as well as in a latest Social Weather Stations survey. He was behind announced and declared candidates Grace Poe, Mar Roxas and Jejomar Binay.〔(Pulse Asia poll: Duterte now a serious contender - ''ABS-CBN News''. )〕 Duterte's long-time political rival and critic, former House Speaker Prospero Nograles, also expressed his support for Duterte if ever the latter decided to run for the presidency.〔(Nograles declares support for Duterte's presidential bid - ''Sun.Star Manila''. )〕 On September 29, incumbent Senator Alan Peter Cayetano declared his intention to run for the 2016 Vice-Presidential post in a press event held in Davao City and considered Duterte his first choice as running mate for the presidential post; this eventually led to a meeting between the two parties.〔(Cayetano woos Duterte: We need a real leader - ''ABS-CBN News''. )〕 A day after meeting with Cayetano, Duterte met with another incumbent senator, Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos, Jr., who also went to Davao City to personally talk to Duterte. Marcos was reportedly considering running for the Vice-Presidential post as well; Marcos had not yet made any formal proclamation at that time. As in the Cayetano meeting, Duterte still declared that he was not running for president.〔(Marcos meets with Duterte in Davao City - ''CNN Philippines''. )〕 On October 13, 2015, in a press conference held at a local hotel in Davao City, Duterte finalized his decision not to run for the presidency, with daughter Sara's objection being pointed out as one of the main contributors.〔(Duterte insists: I’m not running - ''PhilStar''. )〕 On October 15, 2015, Duterte's authorized representative, Christopher "Bong" Go, filed Duterte's certificate of candidacy (COC) on his behalf at the Commission on Elections (Comelec) office in Manila, for a re-election bid for the Davao City mayoralty post.〔(Rodrigo Duterte to seek re-election as Davao City mayor - ''CNN Philippines''. )〕 A music video with a disclaimer being "non-paid" entitled "Takbo" (''Run'' in English translation) was then uploaded on the same day by rap artist Njel de Mesa, with a theme to urge Duterte to run for the presidency. The song was composed by singer Jimmy Bondoc and featured various artists including Bondoc and de Mesa, Luke Mejares, Paolo Santos, Pido Lalimarmo, Thor, Gail Blanco and other OPM artists.〔(WATCH: ‘Takbo’ music video urges Duterte to seek presidency - ''Politics dot com dot ph''. )〕 Bondoc then stated that he would offer to write another song if the mayor finally decided to join the presidential race in 2016.〔(‘Takbo’ artists offer one more song if Duterte runs - ''Mindanao Daily Mirror''. )〕 On the afternoon of October 16, the last day for filing of COC and a day after her father's submission for the same position, Duterte's daughter, Sara, posted on her Instagram account a photo of her COC, while hinting that her father would seek a higher post and withdraw his COC for Mayor re-election.〔(Sara Duterte prepares COC for Davao mayor, hints at dad's presidential run - ''GMA News Online''. )〕 However, in a radio interview with Bong Go, he stated that while Sara's COC was filled out, it was not received by the Comelec in Davao City.〔(Duterte aide: Sara didn’t file COC for mayor - ''GMA News Online''. )〕 Hundreds of supporters were reportedly rallying outside the Comelec office expecting for Duterte to file his candidacy on the last day of submission before the cut-off at 5:00pm. Duterte’s possibility of substitution until December 10 was opened after Martin Diño, father of celebrity Liza Diño and chairman of the Volunteers Against Crime and Corruption (VACC) and former barangay captain of Brgy. San Antonio, Quezon City, filed his candidacy for president on the last minute. Diño is a member of PDP-Laban, the same party advocating the federalism system where Duterte belongs.〔(Duterte: ‘I won’t be a substitute candidate’ - ''Inquirer.net''. )〕 Diño clarified that there was a "clerical error" on his submitted COC (running for Pasay City mayor, instead of president). On their general meeting held in Pasay City on October 26, members of PDP-Laban had expressed their support to Diño in his presidential bid. On October 21, Duterte told CNN Philippines' ''News.PH'' via phone patch interview that there was still a chance he would change his mind. The decision, however, would have to be made by the PDP-Laban.〔(Duterte: It's up to PDP-Laban to substitute me as standard bearer - ''CNN Philippines''. )〕 On October 26, 2015, Duterte said on an interview that the deadline for his last decision if he will seek the presidency is on December 10. He also warned the people to abide the law if he wins.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/110679-duterte-contradictions-dictatorship )〕 On October 27, PDP-Laban has made it official that Duterte will substitute as the party's presidential bet if aspirant Martin Diño withdraws or is disqualified by the Commission of Elections (Comelec) from the 2016 race.〔(PDP-Laban decision final: Duterte to substitute if Diño withdraws presidential bid - ''CNN Philippines''. )〕 Two days later, PDP-Laban standard bearer Martin Diño officially withdrawn his presidential bid and named Duterte as his substitute because there’s a possibility that Diño might be declared as nuisance candidate by the COMELEC. On October 30, an alleged campaign video of Duterte and Cayetano circulated on social media that put hopes on Duterte's candidacy as Cayetano's running mate. However, Duterte's aide Bong Go said on an interview that Duterte's mind hasn't changed yet but will continue on soul-searching with his family to know if he's going to run in the upcoming elections.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2015/10/29/duterte-still-wont-run-presidency-says-assistant-438617 )〕 On November 1, Duterte said that nothing still hasn't changed and he isn't fit for national office. He also said that he is still waiting for an official communication from his party about his possible candidacy; Duterte will also wait if his daughter will agree to substitute for him at the mayoral race of Davao and he will retire from public service if Sara agreed to do so.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/736175/party-cant-budge-duterte-heads-shaved-in-protest )〕 On November 2, Parish Pastoral Council for Responsible Voting (PPCRV) executive Dr. Arwin Serrano said that Martin Diño is deemed to face an election sabotage complaint because of proposing Duterte as his substitute for him, however, Diño denied the allegations that his filing of candidacy is just a front to pave way for Duterte's possible substitution.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/119629/ppcrv-exec-dio-faces-election-sabotage-case-for-duterte-substitution-plan )〕 In an interview with Comelec Chairman Andres D. Bautista on November 3, he stated that although they have noted Diño's withdrawal, he additionally mentioned that they won't move with any further action with regard to a possible substitution until they have Duterte's consent and unless it would be made official with a COC and a certificate of nomination and acceptance from PDP-Laban.〔(Comelec won’t move on Diño’s withdrawal unless Duterte agrees to be his substitute - ''GMA News Online''. )〕 Duterte himself then further clarified that his decision of acceptance for the substitution offer would be on the deadline itself come December 10.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/local-news/2015/11/03/will-tanim-bala-push-duterte-run-439467 )〕 On November 21 in a gathering held in his alma mater San Beda College, Duterte formally announced his presidential bid and also finally accepted Alan Peter Cayetano's offer to be his running mate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.mb.com.ph/duterte-makes-a-stand/#LubMmVQSGTGM834v.99 )〕 Duterte said he is disappointed over the decision made by the Senate Electoral Tribunal (SET) regarding Grace Poe's citizenship as well as the current administration's handling of the ‘laglag-bala’ issue.〔(Duterte now open to running, says he is disappointed over Poe decision and ‘laglag-bala’. )〕 Duterte further stated that he will file his candidacy immediately after he reached out to his party.〔(Duterte decides to run for president - ''ABS-CBN News''. )〕 However, the legality of Duterte's substitution for Diño was questioned by some electoral lawyers because of an error made in Diño's certificate of candidacy that made him a Pasay mayoral bet despite being a resident of Quezon City. Because of the issue, rumors circulated that presidential aspirant Miriam Defensor-Santiago is willing to give way for Duterte by letting him substitute for her. However, Defensor-Santiago said that she will not back down from the race even she has a high regard for Duterte.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/742092/santiago-denies-she-will-drop-from-race-to-give-way-to-duterte )〕 Roy Señeres also opened the possibility he will allow Rodrigo Duterte as his substitute candidate if he will abide in three conditions, particularly being a pro-life advocate. However, Señeres later refused to substitute for him and slammed Duterte's decision to pursue the presidency and remarked Duterte should support and endorse him instead.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/11/26/1526039/seneres-not-giving-way-duterte )〕 Duterte topped all other presidentiables including former front-runner Grace Poe on a survey published at November 25 and held by Pulse Asia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/742540/duterte-leads-in-metro-poll )〕 Poe said that the survey is 'inconclusive' and 'not reflective' and claimed it was made by Duterte's camp.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/742649/poe-camp-calls-poll-topped-by-duterte-inconclusive )〕 On November 26, Duterte filed his certificate of candidacy at COMELEC office in Manila and withdrawn his bid as the Mayor of Davao City and will be substituted by his daughter Sara. On November 29, the supporters of Duterte and Cayetano held an event named "MAD for Change: Tunog ng Pagbabago" at Taguig City. It included free-head shaving, free T-shirt printing services, and the main concert. Several musicians performed including Jimmy Bondoc, Thor, and Luke Mejares. Duterte arrived in the event together with his running mate Cayetano.〔 ==Endorsements== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rodrigo Duterte presidential campaign, 2016」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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